Sess extra than one underlying condition. We didn’t collect and
Sess additional than a single underlying condition. We didn’t gather and record therapy facts.Epidemiological and clinical characteristicsTable 2 shows the epidemiological and clinical characteristics in the 29 sufferers with proven cryptococcosis. Extra than half on the patients had been in Northern Taiwan. Even so, 5 of 9 isolates of C. gattii (55.six ) were from Central Taiwan. By far the most popular five underlying situations were HIV infection (54 sufferers, 24.6 ), HBV carrier (46 patients, two.0 ), malignancies (44 patients, 20. ), diabetes mellitus (40 individuals, 8.2 ), and cirrhosis of liver (three sufferers, 4. ). No underlying situation was identified in 23 individuals (0.five ). Meningoencephalitis was the most popular presentation (58.9 ), followed by pulmonary infection (9.6 ) and “others” (predominantly cryptococcemia) (eight.7 ). The nine patients with C. gattii infection, in comparison with 20 individuals with C. neoformans, have been younger (imply 38.6 years vs. 53. years) and more most likely to have no underlying circumstances (44.four vs. 9.0 ), to have meningoencephalitis (00.0 vs. 57. ) and to undergo neurosurgical intervention (33.3 vs. 9.0 ). In addition they had a higher 0week mortality (44.four vs. 22.2 ), as noticed in Table 2. Of 54 HIVinfected patients, 53 have been infected by the VNI genotype (98. ) and one was infected by the VGI genotype, as observed in Table three. Excluding five patients devoid of recorded CD4 data, the mean CD4 of 49 HIVinfected individuals was 50.0668.three mL (ranging from 2 to 38mL). Of 3 isolates of genotypes besides VNI, twelve (92.three ) had been isolated from HIVnegative individuals (Table three, Table S, and Table S2). The 54 HIVinfected individuals, as when compared with the 49 HIVnegative individuals, have been younger, predominantly male, and more probably to have meningoencephalitis and serum cryptococcal antigen 52. In comparison to HIV infected patients, HIVnegative individuals were additional most likely to possess pulmonary infection and liver ailments (eitherCase definitionProven cryptococcosis was defined and classified into cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, pulmonary cryptococcosis, and other individuals as described previously [0].Information analysisThe categorical variables were analyzed by quantity (No.) along with the continuous variables have been presented as imply 6 regular deviation (SD). The association involving categorical variables was analyzed together with the Chisquare test or Fisher’s exact test when the anticipated number PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28423228 was significantly less than 5. The independent and joint effects of numerous variables to determine substantial predictors of mortality had been investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Twosided P value ,0.05 was deemed statistically substantial. All statistical analyses have been performed utilizing the SAS I-BRD9 software program, version 9.two (SAS Institute Inc Cary, NC, US).Outcomes Cryptococcus genotypesOf 29 Cryptococcus clinical isolates, 20 had been C. neoformans (95.9 ) and 9 were C. gattii (four. ). Of 29 individuals with cryptococcosis, the HIV status of six sufferers was not offered. As a result, 203 circumstances had been integrated for evaluation. b One particular patient could possess far more than 1 underlying condition; 8 HIVnegative sufferers had each cirrhosis of liver and HBV infection. c “Others” included 25 sufferers with cryptococcemia in HIVnegative group and seven cryptococcemia in HIVinfected group. d Data which weren’t done or not offered have been excluded from statistical evaluation. doi:0.37journal.pone.00692.tPLOS 1 plosone.orgCryptococcosis in TaiwanHBV carrier or cirrhosis of liver) as the most typical underlying circumstances (45 patients.
