Ges except the home delivery postal fee. It is important to note that at this current stage not all government pharmacies provide all types of pharmacy value-added order CGP-57148B (-)-Blebbistatin cost services as the provision of these services is subject to their respective facilities. However, most public pharmacies offer at least two to three types of pharmacy value-added services on a daily basis for local consumers. Published national guidelines or handbook about pharmacy value-added services implementation, protocols and detail descriptions of various pharmacy value-added services are still lacking and there is no documented research on the various aspects of pharmacy value-added services. To date, studies that explore the public’s knowledge and perspectives towards pharmacy value-added services in Malaysia are scarce. At the authors’ best knowledge, no published studies were found that examine patients intention to adopt pharmacy value-added services using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the theoretical model. This article is part of a major study to investigate possible predictors that affect the public’s intention to adopt pharmacy value-added services. The purpose of this article is to develop, translate and validate a questionnaire instrument within the Malaysian context using emerging salient themes generated from face-to-face interviews in an earlier exploratory study. This paper aims to discuss the development, reliability and validity issues of the Pharmacy Value-Added Services Questionnaire (PVASQ). A brief introduction of the TPB is discussed after this. Theory of Planned Behavior The TPB is an extension of the Theory of Reasoned 16,17 and is underpinned by the assumption Action that human behavior is essentially rational and that the immediate antecedent of any behavior is intention. Intention (INT) refers to the motivational factors that influence a given behavior where thestronger the intention to perform the behavior, the more likely the behavior will be performed. As a general rule, the stronger the intention to engage in a behavior, the more likely should be its 18 In the original TPB model, the performance. dependent variable, intention (INT) is predicted by three conceptually independent variables; attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). ATT refers to the degree to which individuals have a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior. SN refers to the social pressure individuals perceive with regard to whether or not they are expected to behave in a particular way. PBC refers to the perception of internal and external resource constraints on performing the behavior. The TPB causal chain implies that altering behavioral beliefs might change the level of intention to perform a behavior, of which in this study, intention to adopt pharmacy value-added services is our main outcome concerned. Given the efficacy of the model, this study was to operationalize TPB constructs to predict the intention to use pharmacy value-added services by patients who collect monthly partial medication supply.18-20 , TPB is open to the inclusion According to Ajzen of additional predictors if it can be shown to capture a significant proportion of the variance in intention or behavior after the theory’s current variables have been taken into account.18 From our qualitative study in an earlier stage, we noticed that a majority of patients did not know about pharmacy valueadded services being offered in the public he.Ges except the home delivery postal fee. It is important to note that at this current stage not all government pharmacies provide all types of pharmacy value-added services as the provision of these services is subject to their respective facilities. However, most public pharmacies offer at least two to three types of pharmacy value-added services on a daily basis for local consumers. Published national guidelines or handbook about pharmacy value-added services implementation, protocols and detail descriptions of various pharmacy value-added services are still lacking and there is no documented research on the various aspects of pharmacy value-added services. To date, studies that explore the public’s knowledge and perspectives towards pharmacy value-added services in Malaysia are scarce. At the authors’ best knowledge, no published studies were found that examine patients intention to adopt pharmacy value-added services using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the theoretical model. This article is part of a major study to investigate possible predictors that affect the public’s intention to adopt pharmacy value-added services. The purpose of this article is to develop, translate and validate a questionnaire instrument within the Malaysian context using emerging salient themes generated from face-to-face interviews in an earlier exploratory study. This paper aims to discuss the development, reliability and validity issues of the Pharmacy Value-Added Services Questionnaire (PVASQ). A brief introduction of the TPB is discussed after this. Theory of Planned Behavior The TPB is an extension of the Theory of Reasoned 16,17 and is underpinned by the assumption Action that human behavior is essentially rational and that the immediate antecedent of any behavior is intention. Intention (INT) refers to the motivational factors that influence a given behavior where thestronger the intention to perform the behavior, the more likely the behavior will be performed. As a general rule, the stronger the intention to engage in a behavior, the more likely should be its 18 In the original TPB model, the performance. dependent variable, intention (INT) is predicted by three conceptually independent variables; attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). ATT refers to the degree to which individuals have a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior. SN refers to the social pressure individuals perceive with regard to whether or not they are expected to behave in a particular way. PBC refers to the perception of internal and external resource constraints on performing the behavior. The TPB causal chain implies that altering behavioral beliefs might change the level of intention to perform a behavior, of which in this study, intention to adopt pharmacy value-added services is our main outcome concerned. Given the efficacy of the model, this study was to operationalize TPB constructs to predict the intention to use pharmacy value-added services by patients who collect monthly partial medication supply.18-20 , TPB is open to the inclusion According to Ajzen of additional predictors if it can be shown to capture a significant proportion of the variance in intention or behavior after the theory’s current variables have been taken into account.18 From our qualitative study in an earlier stage, we noticed that a majority of patients did not know about pharmacy valueadded services being offered in the public he.
