42 cm chamber: no significant differences between mice with different CSMD1 genotypes. Values are mean +/- SEM of the number of meters traveled when mice were exposed for the first time to the 42 x 42 cm apparatus (n = 10/genotype, ANOVA p = 0.967). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120908.gAt most doses, mice with reduced csmd1 expression displayed numerically-reduced preferences for places where they had previously QVD-OPH site received cocaine. There was numerically-greater preference for places paired with 10 mg/kg cocaine in heterozygous knockouts. There was substantial variation among three subcohorts of mice (n = 7?1 each) that received this dose; there was p = 0.152 for genotype?dose interaction.LocomotionLocomotion and locomotor habituation measured in 42 x 42 cm dark and sound attenuated boxes to which the mice had not been previously exposed for 120 min trials did not identify significant influences of genotype (Fig 3; p for total distance traveled 0.967). Locomotion during baseline exposures to the CPP apparatus. Mice were exposed to the CPP apparatus and allowed to explore both sides freely during the pretest that established baseline preference for each mouse. ANCOVA of data from all of the subjects revealed a highly-significant effect of genotype on locomotion during the first exposure to this smaller, more brightly lit novel environment (Fig 4; Table H in S2 Table; p = 3.7 x 10-13). Scheffe’s post-hoc testing showed striking significance for the differences between homozygotes and their wild-type siblings (p = 3.7 x 10-12) and a moderate ZM241385 web difference between wild type and heterozygous mice (p = 0.045). There was a significant effect of gender (p = 1.0 x 10-11) but no significant genotype?sex interaction (p = 0.800).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120908 July 14,8 /CSMD1 Variants and AddictionFig 4. CSMD1 knockouts display modestly increased locomotion in a brightly lit environment. Values are mean +/- SEM of the number of cm traveled during the first pretest, in which mice were exposed for the first time to the CPP apparatus and allowed to explore both sides (n = 48/genotype, ANCOVA p = 3.7 x 10-13). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120908.gLocomotion during the first 20 min conditioning session was assessed when mice were confined to 20 x 20 cm portions of the conditioned place preference boxes after receiving their first saline or cocaine injections. Saline-injected csmd1 knockouts displayed significantly increased locomotion (Fig 5; Table I in S2 Table; p = 0.002) in comparison to mice of other genotypes. Significant effects of cocaine dose and gender were identified in ANCOVA of data from cocaine-injected mice of all genotypes (p = 5.5 x 10-15 and 0.009, respectively). There was a trend towards genotype?dose interaction (p = 0.054). Cocaine injections increased locomotion in wild type and heterozygous mice (p = 4.7 x 10-6 and 4.9 x 10-8, respectively), but did not significantly increase locomotion in the homozygotes (p = 0.078). Locomotor sensitization was sought by comparing locomotion during the second vs first cocaine conditioning sessions. Mice of different genotypes failed to display significant overall differences between the quantities of locomotion that they displayed during these two sessions (repeated measures ANCOVA effect of genotype (Table J in S2 Table; p = 0.432,). By contrast, there was a highly significant main effect of dose (p = 3.5 x 10-26), significant genotype?dose interactions (p = 0.007) and significant dose?session i.42 cm chamber: no significant differences between mice with different CSMD1 genotypes. Values are mean +/- SEM of the number of meters traveled when mice were exposed for the first time to the 42 x 42 cm apparatus (n = 10/genotype, ANOVA p = 0.967). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120908.gAt most doses, mice with reduced csmd1 expression displayed numerically-reduced preferences for places where they had previously received cocaine. There was numerically-greater preference for places paired with 10 mg/kg cocaine in heterozygous knockouts. There was substantial variation among three subcohorts of mice (n = 7?1 each) that received this dose; there was p = 0.152 for genotype?dose interaction.LocomotionLocomotion and locomotor habituation measured in 42 x 42 cm dark and sound attenuated boxes to which the mice had not been previously exposed for 120 min trials did not identify significant influences of genotype (Fig 3; p for total distance traveled 0.967). Locomotion during baseline exposures to the CPP apparatus. Mice were exposed to the CPP apparatus and allowed to explore both sides freely during the pretest that established baseline preference for each mouse. ANCOVA of data from all of the subjects revealed a highly-significant effect of genotype on locomotion during the first exposure to this smaller, more brightly lit novel environment (Fig 4; Table H in S2 Table; p = 3.7 x 10-13). Scheffe’s post-hoc testing showed striking significance for the differences between homozygotes and their wild-type siblings (p = 3.7 x 10-12) and a moderate difference between wild type and heterozygous mice (p = 0.045). There was a significant effect of gender (p = 1.0 x 10-11) but no significant genotype?sex interaction (p = 0.800).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120908 July 14,8 /CSMD1 Variants and AddictionFig 4. CSMD1 knockouts display modestly increased locomotion in a brightly lit environment. Values are mean +/- SEM of the number of cm traveled during the first pretest, in which mice were exposed for the first time to the CPP apparatus and allowed to explore both sides (n = 48/genotype, ANCOVA p = 3.7 x 10-13). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120908.gLocomotion during the first 20 min conditioning session was assessed when mice were confined to 20 x 20 cm portions of the conditioned place preference boxes after receiving their first saline or cocaine injections. Saline-injected csmd1 knockouts displayed significantly increased locomotion (Fig 5; Table I in S2 Table; p = 0.002) in comparison to mice of other genotypes. Significant effects of cocaine dose and gender were identified in ANCOVA of data from cocaine-injected mice of all genotypes (p = 5.5 x 10-15 and 0.009, respectively). There was a trend towards genotype?dose interaction (p = 0.054). Cocaine injections increased locomotion in wild type and heterozygous mice (p = 4.7 x 10-6 and 4.9 x 10-8, respectively), but did not significantly increase locomotion in the homozygotes (p = 0.078). Locomotor sensitization was sought by comparing locomotion during the second vs first cocaine conditioning sessions. Mice of different genotypes failed to display significant overall differences between the quantities of locomotion that they displayed during these two sessions (repeated measures ANCOVA effect of genotype (Table J in S2 Table; p = 0.432,). By contrast, there was a highly significant main effect of dose (p = 3.5 x 10-26), significant genotype?dose interactions (p = 0.007) and significant dose?session i.
