Is an antiplatelet therapy that’s extensively employed in pre and post percutaneous (PCI) coronary intervention procedures to stop platelet aggregation and stent restenosis. Even so, there’s a wide interindividual variation in clopidogrel response and a few patients showed resistance against the activity of Clopidogrel. Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) gene is responsible for the transcription of vascular endothelial development BRDT manufacturer element receptor two (VEGFR2) that plays a major part within the cardiovascular ailments (CVDs) and platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to find out the association of KDR rs1870377 genotype with clopidogrel resistance (CR) in CVD individuals, of Iraqi Arabic origin, hospitalized for elective PCI. Components and methods: This study was a case-control study using a total of 324 PCI individuals. Those patients were classified into 213 individuals with non-clopidogrel resistant and 111 patients with CR, according to the analysis of platelet activity phenotype immediately after clopidogrel administration. KDR rs1870377 was genotyped for all patients applying polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique and confirmed by DNA Snger a sequencing via applying Biosystems Model (ABI3730x1). Outcomes: KDR rs1870377 SNP is strongly associated (Chi-sqaure, p vale 0.05) with CR beneath dominant, codominant and recessive models. In addition, A allele inside the rs1870377 SNP might have an influence on the serum levels of VEGFR2 and low density lipoprotein. Conclusions: KDR rs1870377 SNP can be a possible genetic biomarker of CR among CVD individuals of Iraqi Arabic origin. Additional clinical studies, with larger sample, are required to confirm the findings of this study.1. Introduction Clopidogrel exhibits important variability in its response ranging from over activity that may well cause bleeding to loss of function that causes substantial adverse cardiovascular events [1]. While clopidogrel is still the most common irreversible antagonist of adenine diphosphate receptor utilised to inhibit platelet aggregation in percutaneous coronaryintervention (PCI) and cardiovascular KDM4 supplier disease (CAD) individuals [2], it has been reported that the main cause for the failure of PCI would be the formation of platelet aggregation in spite of the use of clopidogrel inside the remedy regimen [3]. The loss of your clopidogrel action phenomenon is known as clopidogrel resistance (CR), and this issue is attributed primarily to drug interaction, some ailments as diabetes mellitus, and genetic variants in genes connected to the kinetics and dynamics of clopidogrel [4,5]. Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (W. Al Awaida). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06251 Received 23 October 2020; Received in revised form 8 January 2021; Accepted 7 February 2021 2405-8440/2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This can be an open access article below the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).W. Al Awaida et al.Heliyon 7 (2021) eRecent research clarified the strong association of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of CAD using a genetic variant within the Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) gene, particularly the rs1870377 variant that accountable for transcription of vascular endothelial development element 2 (VEGFR2) receptor in vascular endothelial cells [6]. The VEGFR2 receptor plays a substantial function in atherogenesis and platelet aggregation [7,8]. KDR gene is located on chromosome 4q12. The VEGFR2 receptor consists of 1356 amino acids, and also the KD.
