Niversity, 20502 Malm Sweden; [email protected] (E.G.-P.); [email protected] (K.N.); [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (Y.B.); [email protected] (E.S.) Correspondence: [email protected]: Janzi, S.; Gonz ez-Padilla, E.; Najafi, K.; Ramne, S.; Ahlqvist, E.; Born Y.; Sonestedt, E. Single Nucleotide Goralatide medchemexpress Polymorphisms in Close Proximity for the JNJ-42253432 Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Fibroblast Growth Aspect 21 (FGF21) Gene Located to become Related with Sugar Intake in a Swedish Population. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu13113954 Academic Editors: M. Luisa Bonet and Toshihiko Yada Received: 15 September 2021 Accepted: 2 November 2021 Published: 5 NovemberAbstract: Hereditary mechanisms are partially responsible for individual differences in sensitivity to plus the preference for sweet taste. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations amongst ten genetic variants plus the intake of total sugar, added sugar, and sugars with sweet taste (i.e., monosaccharides and sucrose) in a middle-aged Swedish population. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the Fibroblast grow factor 21 (FGF21) gene, seven prime hits from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on total sugar intake, and one particular SNP inside the fat mass and obesity related (FTO) gene (the only SNP reaching GWAS significance in a previous study), had been explored in relation to various forms of sugar intake in 22,794 people in the MalmDiet and Cancer Study, a population-based cohort for which data were collected between 1991996. Important associations (p = 6.82 10-7 – 1.53 10-3 ) have been observed amongst three SNPs (rs838145, rs838133, and rs8103840) in close relation for the FGF21 gene with high Linkage Disequilibrium, and each of the studied sugar intakes. For the rs11642841 within the FTO gene, associations had been found exclusively among participants with a physique mass index 25 (p 5 10-3 ). None of your remaining SNPs studied had been linked with sugar intake in our cohort. A additional GWAS must be carried out to identify novel genetic variants related together with the intake of sugar. Keywords and phrases: genetic variants; SNPs; sugar intake; total sugar; added sugar; sweet taste; FGF21 gene; FTO gene1. Introduction More than the years, scientific evidence associating sugar intake with non-communicable diseases for instance dental caries [1,2], weight achieve [3,4], metabolic syndrome, kind two diabetes [1,two,5], and cardiovascular mortality [1] among other folks, has continued to boost [6,7]. Because of the adverse wellness effects connected with higher sugar intake, it is essential to understand the determinants of consumption and need for foods with a high sugar content material. The study of genetic variables has proved to become an essential supply of understanding and understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of dietary preference and consumption by way of the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The possible SNPs associated to sugar intake and sweet taste preference, at the same time as other traits, could be identified employing several approaches. Inside the candidate gene method, the studied genes are chosen based on their biological function on the phenotypes of interest or their proximity to a chromosomal area which has been linked with the phenotype [8], whereas in genome-wide association research (GWAS), the entire genome is analyzed with no previous assumptions to ensure that new genetic variants may very well be revealed [9]. Studies employing the candidate.
