Utional background; (b) government policy text and implementation; and (c) maturity of its own organizational structure and service capacity. There is nonetheless a long approach to visit reach the fundamental objectives of reconstruction and development.Citation: Gao, Jianguo. 2021. Christian Social Services in China: Growths and Limitation. Religions 12: 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/ relKeywords: Christianity; Chinese Christian; social services; church tate relations; de-religionization; cultural sensitivity1. Introduction and ContextAcademic Editor: Tiangang Li Received: 8 August 2021 Accepted: 18 October 2021 Published: two NovemberPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Religious organizations have regularly engaged in social solutions (Garland 2008). This paper explores the circumstance and policy environment of Chinese Christian groups and their members (like Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox) participating in social services based on literature research and field evidence, with all the aim of promoting the legalized management and qualified development of religious organizations in the domain of social services. 1.1. Overview of Christianity in China The main religions practiced in China are Buddhism, Taoism, Protestantism, Catholicism, and Islam, with a total of nearly 200 million believers and more than 380,000 clerical personnel. Protestantism and Catholicism have 38 million and six million followers in China, respectively, with 57,000 and 8000 clerical personnel (The White Paper 2018). Based on three rounds of data (2012, 2014, and 2016) from China’s household tracking survey, it was estimated that in 2016, there have been about 28.29 million “open Christians”(individuals who admitted their Christian identity inside the questionnaire) and practically 11.67 million “hidden Christians” (unwilling to admit their Christianity), totaling about 39.97 million; a report by Asia Harvest in 2010 estimated that you will find 83.five million Protestants in China, including 54 million members of your “House Church” (Lu et al. 2019). There are actually couple of Orthodox believers in China, with a total of about 15,000 (Interfax-Religion 2011), and there is no national association for them.Copyright: 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access post distributed beneath the terms and conditions with the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Religions 2021, 12, 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/relhttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/religionsReligions 2021, 12,two of1.2. The Emergence, Development, Interruption, and Reconstruction of Christian Social Solutions in China China’s Christian social solutions have seasoned a process of starting, improvement, disappearance, and reconstruction: (a) Beginning in the 16th century, Christian missionaries started to enter China; in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Christianity and social philanthropy formed a prototype in China. A number of the well-known charities, educational institutions, and health-related institutions were established within the early 19th century1 . (b) Improvement: In the course of the Republic of China, freedom of religion was respected, as well as the Christian charities were further developed. The YMCA established branches in 26 significant and medium-sized cities2 . The international social service organization Monastrol web Salvation Army came to China in 1916 to carry out professional disaster relief, Lanabecestat manufacturer poverty alleviatio.
