Romising.Abbreviations ALI, acute lung injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
Romising.Abbreviations ALI, acute lung injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; CO2, carbon dioxide; HCA, hypercapnic acidosis; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; IB, inhibitory proteins B; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NF-B, nuclear factor kappa B; NO, nitric oxide; PaCO2, arterial carbon dioxide tension; PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27663262 PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VILI, ventilator-induced lung injury. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Published: 3 November 2010 References 1. Phua J, Badia JR, Adhikari NK, Friedrich JO, Fowler RA, Singh JM, WP1066 chemical information Scales DC, Stather DR, Li A, Jones A, Gattas DJ, Hallett D, Tomlinson G, Stewart TE, Ferguson ND: Has mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome decreased over time? A systematic review. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009, 179:220-227. 2. Hickling KG, Walsh J, Henderson S, Jackson R: Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia: a prospective study. Crit Care Med 1994, 22:1568-1578. 3. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med 2000,HCA decreases hyperlactatemia in the context of global hypoxemia as well as during normoxia [15,70,97]. Prevention of hyperlactatemia is probably due to a pHmediated suppressive effect of HCA on lactic acid generation by decreasing cell metabolism through inhibition of glycolysis (reviewed in [98]). Subsequently, this leads to diminished cellular fuel utilization in times of ischemia. It is reasonable to think that a cellular metabolic shutdown can be beneficial for, for example, the kidney, but it may have unfavorable effects for the brainClinical perspective and recommendations The protective effect of `therapeutic’ HCA has been demonstrated in various lung injury models [9,10,12,Ijland et al. Critical Care 2010, 14:237 http://ccforum.com/content/14/6/Page 8 of4.5.6. 7. 8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17. 18.19.20.21.22.23. 24.25. 26. 27.342:1301-1308. Amato MB, Barbas CS, Medeiros DM, Magaldi RB, Schettino GP, Lorenzi-Filho G, Kairalla RA, Deheinzelin D, Munoz C, Oliveira R, Takagaki TY, Carvalho CR: Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998, 338:347-354. Thorens JB, Jolliet P, Ritz M, Chevrolet JC: Effects of rapid permissive hypercapnia on hemodynamics, gas exchange, and oxygen transport and consumption during mechanical ventilation for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 1996, 22:182-191. Feihl F, Perret C: Permissive hypercapnia. How permissive should we be? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994, 150:1722-1737. Potkin RT, Swenson ER: Resuscitation from severe acute hypercapnia. Determinants of tolerance and survival. Chest 1992, 102:1742-1745. Laffey JG, Engelberts D, Duggan M, Veldhuizen R, Lewis JF, Kavanagh BP: Carbon dioxide attenuates pulmonary impairment resulting from hyperventilation. Crit Care Med 2003, 31:2634-2640. Laffey JG, Jankov RP, Engelberts D, Tanswell AK, Post M, Lindsay T, Mullen JB, Romaschin A, Stephens D, McKerlie C, Kavanagh BP: Effects of therapeutic hypercapnia on mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Me.
