Teristics and diarrheal Vorapaxar chemical information management practices among participating FT011 cost physicians (N = 264a). Characteristics management practices Category of the practitioners Categories Non-qualified General Specialist Duration of practice Attached to which type of healthcare facility? < 10 years 10 years None Private sector Governmental sector Intravenous fluid prescribed usually to a case of diarrhea with severe dehydration 5 Dextrose DNS Ringer lactate Normal saline Isolyte-M Others Do you ask your diarrhea patients to get laboratory test of stool done before starting antibiotic? Which laboratory test you advise to diagnose the cause of diarrhea No Yes Blood culture Stool/rectal swab culture Stool for routine microscopy Others Rationality of the commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of acute watery or bloody diarrhea Rationality of the commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of mucoid diarrhea Rationality of the commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of diarrhea overall Rationality of the commonly administered IV fluid for the correction of severe dehydration during diarrhea Rationality of the commonly advised laboratory test type for diagnosis of causative organism for diarrhea Rationality of the advised laboratory testing strategy for the diagnosis of causative organism for diarrheaa b cnb 140 68 56 73 191 49 199 16 25 57 47 48 7 80 87 177 1 69 162 32 219 45 199 65 245 19 217 47 195 69 21153.03 25.76 21.21 27.65 72.35 18.56 75.38 6.06 9.47 21.59 17.80 18.18 2.65 30.30 32.95 67.05 0.38 26.14 61.36 12.12 82.95 17.05 75.38 24.62 92.80 7.20 82.20 17.80 73.86 26.14 79.92 20.SE c 3.08 2.70 2.52 2.76 2.76 2.40 2.66 1.47 1.81 2.54 2.36 2.38 0.99 2.83 2.90 2.90 0.38 2.71 3.00 2.01 2.32 2.32 2.66 2.66 1.59 1.59 2.36 2.36 2.71 2.71 2.47 2.Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational RationalN = Total number of participating physicians. n = Number of participating physicians falling into respective category. SE = Standard error.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123479.tantibiotic use by practitioners working in private sector also seemed to be higher than independent practitioners but the analyses lacked power (Table 2). In comparison with those having worst knowledge in the respective domains, practitioners having better knowledge regarding management of diarrhea (OR = 3.07,p = 0.004), better (OR = 3.18,p = 0.002) and best (OR = 4.29,p = 0.011) knowledge regarding cholera had higher odds of rational antibiotic use in cases of acute watery/bloody diarrhea. Subjects with better knowledge (reference = worst) regarding ORS (OR = 1.92,p = 0.039) were also more likely to prescribe rational antibiotics while treating mucoid diarrhea cases. Having best knowledgePLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123479 April 7,6 /Rational Management of DiarrheaTable 2. Association of physician's characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea with rationality of antibiotic use for diarrheal management (Na = 264). Practitioners' characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea (domain-wise and as a whole) Categories Rationality of commonly Rationality of commonly Rationality of Commonly prescribed antibiotic for prescribed antibiotic for prescribed antibiotic for treating acute watery/ treating mucoid diarrhea treating diarrhea overall bloody diarrhea ORb (95 CIc) Category of the practitioner (Reference = Non-qualified) Duration of practice (Reference: <10yrs) Attached to which type of healthca.Teristics and diarrheal management practices among participating physicians (N = 264a). Characteristics management practices Category of the practitioners Categories Non-qualified General Specialist Duration of practice Attached to which type of healthcare facility? < 10 years 10 years None Private sector Governmental sector Intravenous fluid prescribed usually to a case of diarrhea with severe dehydration 5 Dextrose DNS Ringer lactate Normal saline Isolyte-M Others Do you ask your diarrhea patients to get laboratory test of stool done before starting antibiotic? Which laboratory test you advise to diagnose the cause of diarrhea No Yes Blood culture Stool/rectal swab culture Stool for routine microscopy Others Rationality of the commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of acute watery or bloody diarrhea Rationality of the commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of mucoid diarrhea Rationality of the commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of diarrhea overall Rationality of the commonly administered IV fluid for the correction of severe dehydration during diarrhea Rationality of the commonly advised laboratory test type for diagnosis of causative organism for diarrhea Rationality of the advised laboratory testing strategy for the diagnosis of causative organism for diarrheaa b cnb 140 68 56 73 191 49 199 16 25 57 47 48 7 80 87 177 1 69 162 32 219 45 199 65 245 19 217 47 195 69 21153.03 25.76 21.21 27.65 72.35 18.56 75.38 6.06 9.47 21.59 17.80 18.18 2.65 30.30 32.95 67.05 0.38 26.14 61.36 12.12 82.95 17.05 75.38 24.62 92.80 7.20 82.20 17.80 73.86 26.14 79.92 20.SE c 3.08 2.70 2.52 2.76 2.76 2.40 2.66 1.47 1.81 2.54 2.36 2.38 0.99 2.83 2.90 2.90 0.38 2.71 3.00 2.01 2.32 2.32 2.66 2.66 1.59 1.59 2.36 2.36 2.71 2.71 2.47 2.Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational Rational Irrational RationalN = Total number of participating physicians. n = Number of participating physicians falling into respective category. SE = Standard error.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123479.tantibiotic use by practitioners working in private sector also seemed to be higher than independent practitioners but the analyses lacked power (Table 2). In comparison with those having worst knowledge in the respective domains, practitioners having better knowledge regarding management of diarrhea (OR = 3.07,p = 0.004), better (OR = 3.18,p = 0.002) and best (OR = 4.29,p = 0.011) knowledge regarding cholera had higher odds of rational antibiotic use in cases of acute watery/bloody diarrhea. Subjects with better knowledge (reference = worst) regarding ORS (OR = 1.92,p = 0.039) were also more likely to prescribe rational antibiotics while treating mucoid diarrhea cases. Having best knowledgePLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123479 April 7,6 /Rational Management of DiarrheaTable 2. Association of physician's characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea with rationality of antibiotic use for diarrheal management (Na = 264). Practitioners' characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea (domain-wise and as a whole) Categories Rationality of commonly Rationality of commonly Rationality of Commonly prescribed antibiotic for prescribed antibiotic for prescribed antibiotic for treating acute watery/ treating mucoid diarrhea treating diarrhea overall bloody diarrhea ORb (95 CIc) Category of the practitioner (Reference = Non-qualified) Duration of practice (Reference: <10yrs) Attached to which type of healthca.
