The purposes of calculations. Qualitative data are expressed as frequencies and percentages. The proportions of seroprotection, seroconversion and SVR rates were compared between groups by Jonckheere-Terpstra test. After verifying normal distribution of the data with KolgomorovSmirnoff test, the mean scores of VAPI questionnaire dimensions were compared using ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were carried out with Tukeys HSD test or SPDP Kruskall-Wallis test when appropriate. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 15.0 for Windows statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and StatXact-5.0.3 (Cytel CO, MA). Differences with a p value less than 0.05 were considered significant.Immunogenicity assessmentIn patients and healthy volunteer healthcare workers, vaccination was administered by intramuscular injection in the deltoid region of the non-dominant arm with a single (0.5 ml) dose of adjuvanted influenza A (A/California/7/2009 H1N1-vlike strain) 2009 vaccine (PandemrixH, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom). Two blood samples per participant were drawn: one before vaccination and one at least 3 weeks after vaccination (3?13 weeks). Serum was stored at 280uC until measurement of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. Samples were sent on dry ice to the Department of Clinical ?Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona. All samples were coded and the laboratory was blinded to the identity and clinical details of the subjects. Influenza-specific antibody levels were measured using HI assay with chicken red blood cells according to the World Health Organization standardized protocol [10]. In brief, serum nonspecific inhibitors were treated with receptor 18297096 destroying enzyme overnight at 37uC, followed by inactivation at 56uC for 30 min.Influenza A Vaccine in Chronic Hepatitis CResults Characteristics of the study groupsOne hundred and fourteen patients (aged 41.3611.4 1531364 years, 48 Homatropine (methylbromide) chemical information female) were asked to participate in the study. Thirty seven patients (32 ) refused to participate; the most common reasons for refusing the (H1N1) influenza A vaccine are shown in table 1. No statistical differences were found between groups (P = 0.20). Sixteen patients were excluded because of previous (H1N1) influenza A vaccination, one patient was pregnant and three had documented (H1N1) influenza A infection. Finally, 72 patients consented to participate and received vaccination (Table 2). All the patients were of European descent. At the time of inclusion, 30 of the participating patients had received seasonal influenza vaccination. Fifteen healthy individuals also took part in the study and blood samples were collected. Regarding the grade of fibrosis in CHC patients, although liver biopsies were only available in four CHC patients with ongoing treatment during vaccination (METAVIR score A1F2, A1F1, A2F3 and A1F1) and two CHC patients not receiving treatment (METAVIR score A2F4, in both), the rest of the patients did not have biochemical (low albumin or prothrombin time, and high bilirubin) or ultrasonographic (liver surface nodularity, parenchymal nodularity, or atrophy of the right lobe) signs of cirrhosis. In addition, noninvasive tests to predict liver fibrosis such as Forns index of fibrosis [12], AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) [13]and FIB-4 [14] all showed moderate scores in both groups.Results expressed as GMTR showed similar results (Table 3). The post-vaccination GMT for IBD patients with mono-immunotherapy (n = 14) and combined immuno.The purposes of calculations. Qualitative data are expressed as frequencies and percentages. The proportions of seroprotection, seroconversion and SVR rates were compared between groups by Jonckheere-Terpstra test. After verifying normal distribution of the data with KolgomorovSmirnoff test, the mean scores of VAPI questionnaire dimensions were compared using ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were carried out with Tukeys HSD test or Kruskall-Wallis test when appropriate. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 15.0 for Windows statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and StatXact-5.0.3 (Cytel CO, MA). Differences with a p value less than 0.05 were considered significant.Immunogenicity assessmentIn patients and healthy volunteer healthcare workers, vaccination was administered by intramuscular injection in the deltoid region of the non-dominant arm with a single (0.5 ml) dose of adjuvanted influenza A (A/California/7/2009 H1N1-vlike strain) 2009 vaccine (PandemrixH, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom). Two blood samples per participant were drawn: one before vaccination and one at least 3 weeks after vaccination (3?13 weeks). Serum was stored at 280uC until measurement of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. Samples were sent on dry ice to the Department of Clinical ?Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona. All samples were coded and the laboratory was blinded to the identity and clinical details of the subjects. Influenza-specific antibody levels were measured using HI assay with chicken red blood cells according to the World Health Organization standardized protocol [10]. In brief, serum nonspecific inhibitors were treated with receptor 18297096 destroying enzyme overnight at 37uC, followed by inactivation at 56uC for 30 min.Influenza A Vaccine in Chronic Hepatitis CResults Characteristics of the study groupsOne hundred and fourteen patients (aged 41.3611.4 1531364 years, 48 female) were asked to participate in the study. Thirty seven patients (32 ) refused to participate; the most common reasons for refusing the (H1N1) influenza A vaccine are shown in table 1. No statistical differences were found between groups (P = 0.20). Sixteen patients were excluded because of previous (H1N1) influenza A vaccination, one patient was pregnant and three had documented (H1N1) influenza A infection. Finally, 72 patients consented to participate and received vaccination (Table 2). All the patients were of European descent. At the time of inclusion, 30 of the participating patients had received seasonal influenza vaccination. Fifteen healthy individuals also took part in the study and blood samples were collected. Regarding the grade of fibrosis in CHC patients, although liver biopsies were only available in four CHC patients with ongoing treatment during vaccination (METAVIR score A1F2, A1F1, A2F3 and A1F1) and two CHC patients not receiving treatment (METAVIR score A2F4, in both), the rest of the patients did not have biochemical (low albumin or prothrombin time, and high bilirubin) or ultrasonographic (liver surface nodularity, parenchymal nodularity, or atrophy of the right lobe) signs of cirrhosis. In addition, noninvasive tests to predict liver fibrosis such as Forns index of fibrosis [12], AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) [13]and FIB-4 [14] all showed moderate scores in both groups.Results expressed as GMTR showed similar results (Table 3). The post-vaccination GMT for IBD patients with mono-immunotherapy (n = 14) and combined immuno.
