Ly significant differences in age, smoking habits, blood pressure, and diabetes. get SC 1 However, patients with AO were more likely to be female (58/93 vs 48/111, P = 0.006); further, they had a higher body mass index (BMI) (25.063.0 vs 20.663.1 kg/m2, P,0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of serum albumin, Rubusoside web hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, and ln-transformed IL-6 and TNF-a. However, patients with AO had higher levels of serum insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and ln-transformed hs-CRP, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and ln-transformed adiponectin (Table 1). Further, those patients with AO had lower levels of ABI (0.9660.23 vs 1.0860.16, P,0.001). With regard to the role of adequate dialysis, we found no significant difference in the Kt/V values between the 2 patient groups. Upon analysis of correlations between WC and other variables, WC was found to be significantly positively correlated with the levels of uric acid (P = 0.002), triglycerides (P = 0.016), insulin (P = 0.001), C-peptide (P = 0.001), HOMA-IR (P = 0.001), lntransformed hs-CRP (P = 0.001), and BMI (P,0.001) (Table 2). In addition, WC was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of HDL (P,0.001) and ABI (P = 0.005). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of each parameter with AO. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and other confounders in model 1, male gender, BMI, and ABI exhibited an independent relationship with AO (P,0.05, respectively). Furthermore, male gender, uric acid, HOMA-IR, ln-transformed adiponectin, and ABI were independent factors for AO after excluding the confounder of BMI in model 2 (P,0.05, respectively) (Table 3). Subsequently, we performed additional logistic regression tests to evaluate the association of each parameter with PAD. Multivariate analysis showed that age, duration of HD, HDLcholesterol, ln-transformed IL-6, ln-transformed ADMA, and AO were significantly associated with PAD (P,0.05, respectively) (Table 4).ABI MeasurementThe ABI index was measured in all participants and control individuals using a vascular screening device (VP 1000; Colin Corp. Co., Ltd, Komaki, Japan) that 23148522 simultaneously measures the bilateral arm and ankle (brachial and posterior tibial arteries, respectively) blood pressure by an oscillometric method. The measurement was obtained after completion of the dialysis treatment and after allowing patients to rest in a supine position for at least 5 min. Some patients required more than 10 min for their blood pressure to stabilize. ABI was calculated by the ratio of the ankle systolic pressure and arm systolic pressure. The systolic pressure of the arm without dialysis access and the lower value of the ankle pressure were used for the calculation. Each patient’s ABI index was determined at least twice during different dialysis sessions, and the mean of the measurements was used for analysis. A criterion for the diagnosis of PAD was an ABI of ,0.9 that may indicate varying degrees of atherosclerosis in the lower extremity arteries. Patients with an ABI of 1676428 1.3 were excluded, because this indicates poorly compressible leg arteries and inability to gauge arterial obstruction accurately [6].DiscussionThere are 2 new major findings of this study. First, AO was found to be correlated with the female gender, higher BMI, and lower A.Ly significant differences in age, smoking habits, blood pressure, and diabetes. However, patients with AO were more likely to be female (58/93 vs 48/111, P = 0.006); further, they had a higher body mass index (BMI) (25.063.0 vs 20.663.1 kg/m2, P,0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, and ln-transformed IL-6 and TNF-a. However, patients with AO had higher levels of serum insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and ln-transformed hs-CRP, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and ln-transformed adiponectin (Table 1). Further, those patients with AO had lower levels of ABI (0.9660.23 vs 1.0860.16, P,0.001). With regard to the role of adequate dialysis, we found no significant difference in the Kt/V values between the 2 patient groups. Upon analysis of correlations between WC and other variables, WC was found to be significantly positively correlated with the levels of uric acid (P = 0.002), triglycerides (P = 0.016), insulin (P = 0.001), C-peptide (P = 0.001), HOMA-IR (P = 0.001), lntransformed hs-CRP (P = 0.001), and BMI (P,0.001) (Table 2). In addition, WC was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of HDL (P,0.001) and ABI (P = 0.005). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of each parameter with AO. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and other confounders in model 1, male gender, BMI, and ABI exhibited an independent relationship with AO (P,0.05, respectively). Furthermore, male gender, uric acid, HOMA-IR, ln-transformed adiponectin, and ABI were independent factors for AO after excluding the confounder of BMI in model 2 (P,0.05, respectively) (Table 3). Subsequently, we performed additional logistic regression tests to evaluate the association of each parameter with PAD. Multivariate analysis showed that age, duration of HD, HDLcholesterol, ln-transformed IL-6, ln-transformed ADMA, and AO were significantly associated with PAD (P,0.05, respectively) (Table 4).ABI MeasurementThe ABI index was measured in all participants and control individuals using a vascular screening device (VP 1000; Colin Corp. Co., Ltd, Komaki, Japan) that 23148522 simultaneously measures the bilateral arm and ankle (brachial and posterior tibial arteries, respectively) blood pressure by an oscillometric method. The measurement was obtained after completion of the dialysis treatment and after allowing patients to rest in a supine position for at least 5 min. Some patients required more than 10 min for their blood pressure to stabilize. ABI was calculated by the ratio of the ankle systolic pressure and arm systolic pressure. The systolic pressure of the arm without dialysis access and the lower value of the ankle pressure were used for the calculation. Each patient’s ABI index was determined at least twice during different dialysis sessions, and the mean of the measurements was used for analysis. A criterion for the diagnosis of PAD was an ABI of ,0.9 that may indicate varying degrees of atherosclerosis in the lower extremity arteries. Patients with an ABI of 1676428 1.3 were excluded, because this indicates poorly compressible leg arteries and inability to gauge arterial obstruction accurately [6].DiscussionThere are 2 new major findings of this study. First, AO was found to be correlated with the female gender, higher BMI, and lower A.
